Dugsiyada Samba waa ururo dhaqameed si tartan ah ugu soo bandhiga dharka, baabuurta iyo ereyada ku xeeran mawduuca iyo samba-enredo qaab hees ah, oo ay tumayaan koox iyo durbaan - laakiin tani waa qeexitaan farsamo iyo qabow. : dugsiyadu waxay noqdeen qayb ka mid ah carioca, paulista iyo xitaa aqoonsiga qaranka si qoto dheer oo calaamad u ah waxa Brazil tahay. Hay'adaha runta ah sida Mangueira iyo Portela iyo, São Paulo, Primeira de São Paulo iyo Lavapés, waxay raadraaceen tillaabooyinka ugu horreeya ee waxa noqon doona ururinta ugu weyn ee muujinta dhaqameed iyo farshaxan ee adduunka, laakiin taariikhdani waxay dib ugu noqotaa qarnigii 19aad ka bilaabma gaar ahaan Rio de Janeiro. Waxa ay ahayd badhtamaha caasimadda federaalka ee xilligaa xafladdii ugu horreysay ee "beero" carnival: "King of Diamonds" waxay ahayd meel ka baxsan dabbaaldegga boqorrada, waxaana abuuray Pernambuco oo ku dhashay Hilário Jovino Ferreira 1893.

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C cusub ee "Rei de Ouros" ayaa mar horeba jidadka isugu soo baxay xaflado keenaya goob, adeegsiga agabka noqon lahaa calaamadaha dugsiyada xataa maanta - sida daf, ganzás iyo toms, marka lagu daro xadhig. Qalabka, oo si toos ah gacmaha uga socda dhoola-tusyada Afrikaanka ee xafladda - iyo xitaa jilayaasha dhexe ee dhoola-tuska ee weli jira, sida Mestre Sala iyoCalanka Calanka. Booliisku waxay si murugo leh u daba-galeen Hilário iyo ra'yiga, laakiin guushu waxay ahayd, sanadka soo socda, xitaa Madaxweyne Deodoro da Fonseca wuxuu u aaday inuu daawado "muuska". Muhiimadda Hilário ee soo ifbaxa samba ee Brazil ayaa sii ahaan lahayd mid ka sii weyn, tan iyo taariikhyahannada mawduuca ayaa sheeganaya in uu u badan yahay mid ka mid ah curiyeyaasha "Telephone Pelo", oo loo arko in uu qoray Donga oo kaliya, laakiin kaas oo lagu samayn lahaa iskaashi. Hilário , Sinhô iyo sidoo kale Tia Ciata.

Hilário Jovino Ferreira oo xidhan jaakad dabada ah oo haysta koofiyaddiisa daqiiqado taariikhda bandhigga dugsiga samba ee Rio >

Dhinacyada waddooyinka waxay bilaabi doonaan inay ka dhigaan damaashaadka carnival xaflad caan ah xitaa dhamaadkii qarnigii 19-aad - bilowgii qarnigii 20aad, tusaale ahaan, waxaa la aasaasay lahaa Cordão do Bola Preta, in 1918, block ugu da'da weyn weli firfircoon ee Rio de Janeiro - iyo mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu weyn ee adduunka, isu keeno malaayiin dad ah oo ku saabsan jidka. Dugsiyada samba laftooda, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa kaliya oo si wax ku ool ah loo abuuri lahaa ilaa toban sano ka dib Bola Preta, dhamaadka 1920-meeyadii ee Rio de Janeiro, si ka sii sax ah xaafadda Estácio, halkaas oo samba lafteeda la abuuri lahaa - mise waa taas? waxa uu halyeygu leeyahay, maadaama qodobbo badan oo sheekadani ka mid ahi ay yihiin kuwo muran badan ka taagan yahay oo ay inta badan khilaafaan khubarada takhasuska leh.

Deixa Falar e oereyga "Escola de Samba"

Taariikhdu waxay sheegaysaa in dugsigii ugu horreeyay ee Samba uu ahaa Caminha Falar, oo ay aasaaseen Ismael Silva, Nilton Bastos, Alcebíades Barcelos, Osvaldo Vasques, Edgar Marcelino dos Passos iyo Sílvio Fernandes ee 1928 oo hore loogu sheegay Bogagga wargeysyada Rio ee 1929.

Ka Bidix. in la yiraahdo: Paulo da Portela, Heitor dos Prazeres, Gilberto Alves, Bidê iyo Marçal - aasaasayaasha Turma do Estácio iyo Certa Falar Falar by Ismael Silva, sababtoo ah xaqiiqda ah in shirarka Leva Falar ay ka dhacaan dugsiga caadiga ah ee Largo do Estácio, laakiin khabiirada sida Luiz Antonio Simas waxay sheeganayaan in ay u badan tahay in kala-soocidda ay ka timid beerta Ameno Resedá, mid ka mid ah. oo ka mid ah beeralayda ugu caansan Rio, oo la aasaasay 1907, horudhac u ahaa komishannada hore, oo loo yaqaan "Rancho Escola" >

Portela e Mangueira

At Let Talk muusikiiste Bidê waxa uu ikhtiraacay Marking Surdo kaas oo noqon doona mid ka mid ah sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee sambaska dugsiga casriga ah. Qeybta Conjunto Oswaldo Cruz, dhanka kale, waxay noqon doontaa Portela - oo halkan waa mid ka mid ah isku dhacyada ugu horreeya: cilmi-baarayaasha qaarkood waxay sheeganayaan in dugsiga buluugga iyo caddaanka ah ee xaafadda Oswaldo Cruz uu noqon lahaa kii ugu horreeyay, tan iyoblock waxaa la abuuray lahaa 1923, iyo dugsiga 1926.

Portela ee bandhigga rasmiga ah ee ugu horreeyay, 1932, sawirka wargeyska A Noite © reproduction

Ka hor inta aan magaceeda loo bedelin "Portela" bartamihii 1930-meeyadii, si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka lagu daro baabtiiskii ugu horreeyay ee magaca xaafadda, dugsigu wuxuu sidoo kale watay magacyada "Quem Nos Faz é o Capricho" iyo "Vai Como Pode" - dugsigu wuxuu sii wadaa inuu yahay horyaalkii ugu weynaa ee Carnival Rio, isagoo leh 22 koob, waxaa ku xiga Mangueira, oo leh 20.

> Kulaylka Portela ee 2012 © Wiki Commons <4

-Sida Rio de Janeiro u dhigay mid ka mid ah carnival-yadii ugu waaweynaa taariikhda ka dib hargabka Isbaanishka

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaqiiqadu waxay tahay in Leva Falar, Portela iyo Mangueira ka kooban saddex-midnimada dahabka ah ee dugsiyada aasaasiga ah ee carnival caroca. Estação Primeira de Mangueira waxaa aasaasi doona Cartola (kaas oo noqon doona Agaasimaha ugu horreeya ee Harmony), Carlos Cachaça (oo aan joogin shirkii aasaaska laakiin waxaa loo tixgeliyaa) Saturnino Gonçalves (oo noqon doona madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dugsiga) iyo kuwa kale Morro da Mangueira.

Koofiyadda sare ee bandhigga Mangueira sannadkii 1978-kii sanadka soo socda , 1929, ka dhanka ah Cartola laftiisa. Mangueira waxa uu u dhashay sida ka baxsan Bloco dos Arengueiros, oo la abuuray 1923 isla kooxdii aasaasay.

Mangueira ParadeSannadkii 1970-kii Taageerada wargeyska Mundo Esportivo, bandhiga rasmiga ah ee ugu horreeya ee dugsiyada - kaas oo Mangueira lagu caleemo saari doono. Sannadkii xigay, O Globo waxa ay la wareegtay qabanqaabada tartanka, kaas oo socday ilaa 1935-kii, markaas oo duqii hore ee Pedro Ernesto uu aqoonsaday dugsiyada oo uu sameeyay gaabin Grêmio Recreativo Escola de Samba, ama GRES, oo ay wali isticmaalaan ururada intooda badani maanta. Dabaaldegyada ayaa markii hore ka dhacay Carnival Sunday ee Praça Onze; Dhammaadkii 1940-meeyadii, waxay u guurtay Avenida Presidente Vargas, halkaas oo ay ku sugnayd ilaa 1984-kii, markaasoo guddoomiyihii Leonel Brizola iyo ku xigeenkiisii, Darcy Ribeiro, ay daah-fureen Sambadrome.

> The Sambadrome in Rio, oo la aasaasay 1984 © Wiki Commons

Inta u dhaxaysa dhammaadkii 1920-meeyadii iyo badhtamihii 1930-meeyadii, gudbinta uu sameeyay Rádio Nacional ee bandhigyada Rio waxay dhalin lahayd ururadii samba ee ugu horeeyay ee São Paulo. Sanadkii 1935, kii ugu horreeyay ee São Paulo ayaa la furay, kaas oo, sida magacu tilmaamayo, ahaa dugsigii ugu horreeyay ee samba ee caasimadda São Paulo. Waxay ku taallaa xaafadda Pompéia oo leh midabada casaanka, madow iyo caddaanka, kii ugu horreeyay ee la soo bandhigay sannadkii aasaaskeeda oo leh ilaa 30 qaybood,waxayna sii jiri doontaa firfircoonideeda toddobada sano ee soo socota.

- Barfume-waranka ayaa mar hore la sharciyeeyay: sheekada daroogada oo calaamad u noqotay carnival

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dugsigii ugu horreeyay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si uu u noqdo mid caan ah oo la xoojiyay machad ahaan wuxuu ahaa Lavapés, taas oo aan fursad u ahayn maanta dugsiga samba ee ugu da'da weyn magaalada. Waxaa la aasaasay bishii Febraayo 1937 xaafadda Liberdade, ka dib markii aasaasaha Madrinha Euridice uu daawaday bandhigga Rio sannadkii hore. Ilaa hadda, Lavapés waa horyaalnimada ugu weyn ee carnival-ka São Paulo, oo leh 20 koob.

Armando Marçal, Paulo Barcellos iyo Bidê, aasaasayaasha Leva Falar, oo ka mid ah adhijirrada © taranka <4